Topic: Healthy Aging

Artificial IntelligenceNovember 3, 2026

Protein resource allocation across subcellular compartments revealed by large-scale absolute quantitative proteomics in yeast.

Subcellular compartmentalization within complex membrane-bound organelles is a hallmark of eukaryal life, enabling metabolic specialization through spatial segregation. Here, we compiled a dataset encompassing 300 absolute quantitative proteomes, the largest to date, across two yeast species under diverse experimental conditions. Leveraging big data analysis, formula fitting, and machine learning, quantitative correlations among protein abundance, resource allocation, and cellular phenotypes wer

EconomicsNovember 3, 2026

A glycan superbinder reveals polysialylated-CD56 as a precision biomarker for pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies, largely due to the lack of reliable biomarkers for early detection. Aberrant glycosylation presents a promising source of diagnostic signatures, yet polysialic acid (polySia), a distinctive glycan, has remained underexplored, primarily owing to limitations in detection methods and recognition tools. Here, we report the development of a polySia "superbinder," a nanoscale molecularly imprinted polymer (nanoMIP) that exhibits superior s

Artificial IntelligenceOctober 29, 2026

Intrinsic gestational timing governs human cerebellar development after preterm birth.

Intrinsic programs shape brain maturation; however, which of these programs are perturbed by prematurity as well as the molecular pathways involved remain unknown. The human cerebellum serves as a paradigm of extrauterine development-its accelerated growth and circuit formation align with the third trimester, a period disrupted by preterm delivery. Using multimodal datasets encompassing in vivo neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental outcomes with postmortem spatial-transcriptomic and histopathologi

Physical/TechOctober 27, 2026

Scientists disrupt less but more persistently with career aging.

Disruption describes the extent to which a scientific work overturns the prior knowledge on which it builds and leads to a new line of research. A scientist's tendency to produce disruptive work has been found recently to decline over the career. However, the disruption index captures only how strongly a paper overturns prior work and ignores whether that disruption is later accepted or overturned by subsequent research. The persistent disruption (PD) framework adds this second perspective, iden

EnvironmentOctober 27, 2026

First-principles channel model and capacity-achieving transmission scheme in thermal noise backscatter links.

Thermal noise communication systems transmit information by modulating thermal radiation, eliminating the need for a dedicated signal power source and making them attractive solutions for low-power sensor networks. Their efficiency enables long-lived, unobtrusive operation, which is valuable in the Internet of Things, electromagnetic interference-sensitive environments, and radio frequency identification tag systems. However, a limited understanding of the wireless channel model and efficient tr

Health & MedicineOctober 23, 2026

Taurine lowers inflammaging by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages.

Whether a decline in taurine drives aging is debated, and despite high millimolar intracellular concentrations, its function as a potential guardian of cytosolic homeostasis is unclear. Here, we show that aging increases circulating taurine concentrations in humans and mice. Further elevating taurine in aged mice enhances health span, engaging anti-inflammatory pathways previously linked to youthfulness, and reduces mortality from sepsis and inflammasome-mediated inflammation, suggesting an enan

Artificial IntelligenceOctober 23, 2026

Trastuzumab Rezetecan in ERBB2-Low Advanced Breast Cancer: The HORIZON-Breast06 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Trastuzumab rezetecan (SHR-A1811) has demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity in a global phase 1 trial involving heavily pretreated patients with erythroblastic oncogene B (ERBB2)-low metastatic breast cancer. To compare trastuzumab rezetecan vs physician's choice of chemotherapy in patients with ERBB2-low metastatic breast cancer. This open-label, randomized, multicenter phase 3 trial was conducted at 73 hospitals across China. Eligible patients were females aged 18 to 75 years with centra

Health & MedicineOctober 23, 2026

Trial of Endovascular Therapy for Mild Stroke with Large-Vessel Occlusion.

Whether endovascular therapy benefits patients with mild acute ischemic stroke from large-vessel occlusion involving the anterior circulation is uncertain. We conducted a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial in China involving patients with acute ischemic stroke of mild clinical severity (defined by a score of <6 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) that had resulted from large-vessel occlusion involving the anterior circulation. Patients also had neuroimaging features of a

Physical/TechOctober 23, 2026

Mechanical Thrombectomy 24 to 72 Hours after Large-Vessel Ischemic Stroke.

Endovascular thrombectomy is an established treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Whether the benefit extends to patients with salvageable brain tissue in the infarct who present more than 24 hours after symptom onset or the time when they were last known to be well is uncertain. We conducted an open-label, randomized trial with blinded outcome assessment at comprehensive stroke centers in China. Patients with acute ischemic stroke from large-vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation and imagi

Health & MedicineOctober 22, 2026

Metazoan lagging-strand DNA synthesis is distributive.

DNA's anti-parallel structure presents a topological challenge to the replisome, as leading and lagging strands must be synthesized in opposite directions. How lagging-strand synthesis is coordinated with leading-strand synthesis remains unresolved in eukaryotes. To address this question, we directly visualized the dynamics of lagging-strand polymerases Pol α and Pol δ at active replication forks using single-molecule imaging in Xenopus nuclear extracts. Surprisingly, we find that ne

Physical/TechOctober 21, 2026

Cold activates a BH2 metabolic network promoting longevity and proteostasis

Abstract Moderately cold temperatures extend lifespan and promote health across species 1–3 , yet the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits remain unclear. Here we define a metabolite-driven, multi-tissue signalling system that links cold temperature to enhanced longevity and proteostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans . Cold temperature upregulates the biopterin-synthesis enzyme CAT-4 (GCH1 in humans), increasing production of dihydrobiopterin (BH2), a transportable reservoir for the bioact

Health & MedicineOctober 20, 2026

Cell identity competes with surface tension to determine stromal organization in tumor spheroids beyond the CAF shell paradigm.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are often found forming a peripheral stromal barrier around tumors. Here, this paradigm is challenged using microfabricated 3D cancer-CAF spheroid models combined with quantitative magnetic force tensiometry. A surface tension atlas is established for eight cancer cell lines, three CAF populations, and heterotypic tumor-CAF assemblies, spanning nearly two orders of magnitude. Surface tension is first shown to govern spheroid morphology and modulate drug respo

Health & MedicineOctober 20, 2026

Controlled functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals directs polymer-specific protein coronas and immune cell interactions.

Polymer coatings are widely used to suppress nonspecific protein adsorption and modulate nanoparticle-cell interactions. However, the biological outcomes of polymer-functionalized nanoparticles remain difficult to predict in complex biological environments because protein corona formation rapidly alters nanoparticle identity. This challenge is particularly pronounced when hydrophobic moieties are incorporated for imaging or therapeutic applications, as they can promote nonspecific interactions a

Health & MedicineOctober 20, 2026

Dynamic partitioning shapes the in vivo organization of the Escherichia coli RNA degradosome.

The bacterial RNA degradosome is a central mediator of RNA turnover, yet how its components are organized and regulated in living cells remains unclear. Using live-cell single-molecule imaging, we quantified the spatial distribution and dynamics of the four major Escherichia coli degradosome components: RNase E, RhlB, PNPase, and enolase. These proteins occupied distinct membrane-associated and cytoplasmic pools whose relative abundance varied among proteins and changed with physiological state.

Health & MedicineOctober 19, 2026

Cortex-wide imaging in naturally behaving mice with 1-gram wireless mesoscopes.

Revealing how distributed cortical circuits coordinate behavior in freely moving animals remains a central challenge in systems neuroscience, constrained by limited fields of view, low throughput, and the tethering required by current miniaturized microscopes 1-4 . Here, we present Airscope, a wireless mesoscope delivering 4 μm lateral resolution across a 6 mm field of view at 12.5 Hz, weighing 1.0 gram. An aspheric-lens design achieves a 2.84× shorter total track length than previous

Health & MedicineOctober 14, 2026

Sexual dimorphism in epidermal stem cell dynamics.

The epidermis is a stratified epithelium comprising proliferative basal cells and differentiated suprabasal cells that are continuously renewed throughout life. Conflicting theories have been proposed regarding the heterogeneity of the basal cell layer, with some studies proposing that all proliferative cells have self-renewal potential during homeostasis 1-5 . Meanwhile, others posit a model in which stem cell differentiation occurs through an intermediate transit-amplifying-like progenitor sta

Physical/TechOctober 13, 2026

Convergent innovation of (crypto)vivipary via asymmetric dismantling of seed desiccation and dormancy machinery.

Cryptovivipary and vivipary, referred to as (crypto)vivipary, occur across multiple angiosperm lineages and enable embryos to continue developing before dispersal. Yet, this trait raises a fundamental question: how are seed-specific abscisic acid (ABA) responses modulated to support continuous embryonic growth without compromising ABA-dependent vegetative stress tolerance? Here, integrating phylogenomic analyses of independently evolved (crypto)viviparous lineages with spatiotemporal transcripto

Health & MedicineOctober 13, 2026

Phenotypic screening identifies kenpaullone as a prolymphangiogenic compound to improve heart repair following myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction (MI) induces cardiac muscle death and its subsequent replacement by a noncontractile fibrotic scar, which underlies progression to heart failure. Current treatments restore blood flow and assist with cardiac workload but do not promote regeneration. We have previously shown endogenous growth of the cardiac lymphatic system following MI and further stimulation with the lymphatic endothelial specific mutated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C (VEGF-C) isoform, VEGFC-C156S,

EnvironmentOctober 13, 2026

Atomic-scale spin sensing of a 2D d-wave altermagnet via helical tunneling.

Altermagnets simultaneously possess momentum-dependent nonrelativistic spin splitting and zero net magnetization (1-6). Their defining crystalline symmetry connects opposite-spin sublattices in real space and imposes alternating spin polarization on the symmetry-related electronic states in momentum space (1-3). Identifying such an order and its associated spin response therefore calls for atomic-scale spin-sensitive measurements in both real and momentum space, an experimental milestone yet to

Artificial IntelligenceOctober 13, 2026

Human-artificial intelligence collaboration for comanaging epilepsy in real time.

One-third of the world's 70 million people with epilepsy have seizures uncontrolled by medication, and implantable devices are a promising treatment. These devices can detect impending seizures, missed medication and impaired cognition, but, like most medical devices, they cannot share this information with patients in real time. This is a missed opportunity for devices to learn from clinical events and teach patients how their behaviors affect their health. Here we present a device platform tha

Health & MedicineOctober 11, 2026

Strengthening health systems to prioritise, provide care, and prevent osteoarthritis: a roadmap for global health policy.

By 2050, almost 1 billion people are expected to live with osteoarthritis-a disabling musculoskeletal condition with currently no cure. Despite its burden and costs, osteoarthritis remains largely invisible in national and global health agendas, is poorly integrated within service models for other chronic health conditions, and is frequently perceived as inevitable with ageing and associated with limited therapeutic options. This context drives an osteoarthritis identity problem that fuels frust

Health & MedicineOctober 8, 2026

Volatile eutectics to tailor crystallization for perovskite optoelectronics

Improvements to the radiative efficiency of halide perovskite thin films are necessary to approach fundamental solar cell performance limits. We tailored perovskite crystallization by leveraging the eutectic interaction between zinc bromide and methylammonium chloride additives. The resulting films had high photoluminescence quantum yield and charge carrier decay times and low surface recombination velocity. Nanoprobe x-ray microscopy revealed local melting of the eutectic at grain boundaries du

Health & MedicineOctober 6, 2026

Cellular remodeling during reversible life-stage transition in sessile ciliates: Genomic and transcriptomic insights.

Unraveling mechanisms driving dramatic life-stage transitions in response to environmental stress is central to understanding cellular adaptation. We studied a distinctive group of sessile ciliates that undergo profound morphological and organellar remodeling when transitioning from sessile trophonts to motile telotrochs. We generated chromosome-level genomes for two colonial species ( Campanella sinica , Epistylis hentscheli ) and one solitary species ( Vorticella campanula ), revealing genome

EnvironmentOctober 6, 2026

Fragmentation outweighs forest cover in shaping land surface temperature across half of global forests.

Forests are widely recognized for their significant role in climate change mitigation. Global landscape-scale assessments have focused mainly on how forest cover (FC) affects temperature. Yet, changes in forest area are generally accompanied by altered fragmentation, and both the independent effect of fragmentation on forest thermal environments and its contribution relative to FC remain insufficiently understood. We disentangled the respective relationships of fragmentation and FC with land sur

Artificial IntelligenceOctober 6, 2026

An open vision-language model for diverse medical applications

Abstract Artificial intelligence has high potential for impact in healthcare applications, but its training and deployment are challenging due to diverse data, a complex spectrum of possible tasks and important privacy needs. High-performing foundation models that enable data-efficient fine-tuning for diverse downstream tasks can meaningfully accelerate development in this domain. We introduce MedGemma, a collection of medical vision-language foundation models based on Gemma 3. MedGemma demonstr

Physical/TechOctober 1, 2026

Reframing menopause and menopause hormone therapy as opportunities for healthy aging

Menopause is an important biological transition with up to 72 symptoms that shapes aging trajectories across organs and encompasses ~40% of the female lifespan. Although menopause awareness is increasing, research on strategies for menopause symptom management and optimizing health in the postmenopausal period is lacking. This Review highlights that menopause characteristics, such as type, timing, and symptom burden, influence health outcomes and later-life disease risk. Similarly, menopause hor

Health & MedicineOctober 1, 2026

Constitutive sporulation in wild fission yeast enhances insect-mediated survival

Sexual reproduction is generally considered costly for unicellular organisms and is typically induced in yeast only under nutrient limitation. However, wild strains of Schizosaccharomyces japonicus isolated from fruit flies in Japan exhibit constitutive sporulation even under nutrient-rich conditions. Here, we investigated the ecological and evolutionary significance of this unusual phenotype. We demonstrate that spores produced under nutrient-rich conditions survive passage through the digestiv

Health & MedicineSeptember 30, 2026

Osteoclasts intercept meningeal lymphatic paths for dural metastasis.

Dural metastasis (DM)-a devastating complication of advanced malignancies such as breast and lung cancers-is defined by tumour cell infiltration into the dura mater and presents unique clinical challenges distinct from brain metastasis 1,2 . Our study unveils a, to our knowledge, previously unrecognized role of meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in DM pathophysiology, providing a new conceptual framework for this unique form of metastatic disease. Distinctive cranial erosion patterns, identifi

Physical/TechSeptember 29, 2026

Leveraging room-temperature plastic deformation for tailoring inorganic thermoelectrics.

Mg 3 (Sb, Bi) 2 has emerged as a promising material due to its favorable combination of high thermoelectric performance and ductility. However, a key question remains regarding how plastic deformation affects its thermoelectric properties. Here we investigate the evolution of deformation-induced defects and their influence on the transport and mechanical properties of Mg 3 (Sb, Bi) 2 . Compressive deformation introduces high densities of dislocations and deformation twins, accompanied by a prono

Health & MedicineSeptember 25, 2026

Bright monomeric fluorescent protein elite-niRFP704 for two-channel near-infrared STED nanoscopy.

The near-infrared (NIR) spectral region is attractive for live-cell imaging, due to low autofluorescence and reduced phototoxicity. Some phytochrome-derived fluorescent proteins absorb and emit fluorescence in the NIR, but have short fluorescence lifetimes and relatively low quantum yields, requiring higher laser powers thus limiting their usefulness for live-cell superresolution microscopy. Using the bacterial phytochrome miRFP703 as a template, we screened for variants with longer fluorescence