Skip to main content
Physical/Tech

Proof of the density threshold conjecture for pinwheel scheduling.

| Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

In the pinwheel scheduling problem, each task i is associated with a positive integer a i called its period, and we want to (perpetually) schedule one task per day so that each task i is performed at least once every a i days. An obvious necessary condition for schedulability is that the density, defined as the sum of execution rates 1/ a i , does not exceed 1. We prove that all instances with density not exceeding 5/6 are schedulable, as was conjectured by Chan and Chin in 1993. Like some of th

In the pinwheel scheduling problem, each task i is associated with a positive integer a i called its period, and we want to (perpetually) schedule one task per day so that each task i is performed at least once every a i days. An obvious necessary condition for schedulability is that the density, defined as the sum of execution rates 1/ a i , does not exceed 1. We prove that all instances with density not exceeding 5/6 are schedulable, as was conjectured by Chan and Chin in 1993. Like some of the known partial progress toward the conjecture, our proof involves computer search for schedules for a large but finite set of instances. A key idea in our reduction to these finite cases is to generalize the problem to fractional (noninteger) periods in an appropriate way. As byproducts of our ideas, we obtain a simple proof that every instance with two distinct periods and density at most 1 is schedulable, as well as a fast algorithm for the bamboo garden trimming problem with approximation ratio 4/3.

Read the original source →

Related Stories

Physical/Tech

Cassiterite U-Pb geochronology: A framework for tin provenance in the Bronze Age world.

The origin of Bronze Age tin is one of the most compelling mysteries in global archaeology. A number of studies were carried out to identify fingerprints to determine tin sources, but all failed to suit the contexts of Bronze Age China. This study provides the first comprehensive provenance analysis of the tin ore utilized during the Shang dynasty of China. Using U-Pb dating analysis on cassiterite grains surviving in various contexts including primary smelting site, metal resource hoard, and br

Continue reading
Physical/Tech

Host-mediated insecticide sequestration in target-site-resistant pests impacts parasitoid fitness and evolution.

Insecticide resistance poses a major challenge to global pest management, yet its cascading effects on ecological networks remain poorly understood. Here, we show that target-site-resistant herbivorous insects can accumulate unmetabolized insecticides and inadvertently function as "toxic prey," impairing the fitness of their natural enemies. Using neonicotinoid- and spinosyn-resistant Myzus persicae and genetically modified Drosophila melanogaster , we demonstrate that resistant hosts surviving

Continue reading
Physical/Tech

Human learning is an understudied but promising lever for boosting human-AI synergy.

Humans collaborating with AI hold the promise of achieving superior outcomes compared to either acting alone (i.e., human-AI synergy). However, the conditions that facilitate such synergy when humans are advised by AI are not well understood. A recent meta-analysis showed that, on average, human-AI combinations do not outperform the better individual agent. We argue that this pessimistic conclusion arises from insufficient attention to human learning in experimental designs. To substantiate this

Continue reading
Physical/Tech

Experience-driven plasticity in the secondary somatosensory cortex in people born without hands.

In congenital handlessness, where individuals rely on their feet for compensatory manual functions, reorganization in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) appears to be limited to local shifts by adjacent body parts. It remains unclear how congenital handlessness and lifelong compensatory foot use shape the sensorimotor system beyond SI, and whether compensatory abilities can drive broader functional reorganization. Here, we used task-based and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate

Continue reading
Physical/Tech

Multiband condensate of magnons in two dimensions.

Wavelike bosonic particles can accumulate in a single mode characterized by a particular wavelength, and such condensates are at the heart of phenomena such as superconductivity and superfluidity where usually a single complex number describes their state. If there are several flavors of excitations or particles, a vector containing several complex numbers can characterize multicomponent condensation, thus opening new possibilities for textures, dynamics, and devices. Thus far, multicomponent co

Continue reading